A new species of scaleless black dragonfish of the genus Eustomias, subgenus Spilostomias, is described based on a single specimen (96.4 mm SL) collected during the ABRACOS (Acoustics along the BRAzilian COaSt) expedition near the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, off northeastern Brazil. Eustomias ansiluminis, new species, can be distinguished from Eustomias braueri, its only congener in the subgenus Spilostomias, by having two closely spaced cords of tissue that extend ventrally from the base of the barbel stem to the tip of the bulb as two thread-like filaments, which are partially loose by half of the bulb length, forming a loop-like structure around the bulb (vs. barbel without cords of tissue along its stem and below the bulb, but with a pair of simple and unbranched, minute to long filaments directly originated at the base of terminal bulb). Supplementary descriptions of E. braueri and E. macrurus, two insufficiently known species also collected during the ABRACOS expedition, are provided, and their global distributions are revisited based on the literature, databases, and additional specimens examined.
Reference
Bárbara T. Villarins, Luciano G. Fischer, Artem M. Prokofiev, Michael M. Mincarone. 2025. A New Species of Eustomias (Stomiiformes: Stomiidae) from the Western Tropical Atlantic, with Further Descriptions of E. braueri Zugmayer, 1911 and E. macrurus Regan and Trewavas, 1930. Ichthyology & Herpetology, 113(4), 723-740.
